Which animal was first to be listed on the 'Endangered Species List?'

If you are referring to the United States Endangered Species List that was started in 1973, then it is a Peregrine Falcon: http://connection.ebscohost.com/science/endangered-species/history-extinctions-and-endangered-species-policies

However, depending on what organization and country, it appears that there may be different answers. For example, I believe that the World Wildlife Fund originally listed the Giant Panda of China - that is why the panda is on their logo.

If the question refers to the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, it is not easy to find a 100% accurate answer to it. Here is some historical information on the List itself:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List